HOW TO USE CORAN


PROGRAM WRITTEN BY LUDOVIC LEBART, ALAIN MORINEAU & KENNETH M. WARWICK

REFERENCE: MULTIVARIATE DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
CORRESPONDENCE ANALYSIS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES FOR LARGE MATRICES
COPYRIGHT (c) 1984 BY JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., NEW YORK


Correspondence analysis consists of techniques for mapping two way contingency tables for large data sets. Correspondence analysis is analogous to a principal components analysis of rows and columns of contingency tables (crosstabulation data). The analytical technique is, however applicable for both categorical and binary data.

Correspondence analysis, like principal components analysis, produces graphs (which represent the configuration of points in projection planes) formed by the first principal axes taken two at a time. Each of the principal axes is associated with an eigenstructure which defines the projections on the axes, as well as the relative variance in the points explained by the axes. The specific mathematics associated with the technique are detailed in the book Multivariate Descriptive Statistical Analysis, by Lebart, Morineau and Warwick, John Wiley, 1984 (Chapter 2), and in Carroll, Green and Schaffer, 'Interpoint Distance Comparisons in Correspondence Analysis, Journal of Marketing Research (1987).


INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS

The interpretation of Correspondence Analysis is remarkably like principal components analysis, due to the similarity of the algorithms. Interpretation of results involves first, the examination of the eigenvalues associated with each of the principal axes. Coordinates and contributions of the principal axes for the row and column points are produced. The relative frequencies and distances (chi-square distances) between the points and the origin of the axes are shown.

Just as principal components analysis involves the grouping of independent variables, correspondence analysis involves the grouping of categories within the contingency table. The interpretation of the results involves the notion of proximities among the rows and columns of the contingency table. Correspondence analysis generates the proximities among categories (such as activities, objects, or other stimuli). Those categories having the greatest proximity are those most similar in terms of the underlying structure. The CORAN program produces a graph plotting the row and column categories. Carroll et, al., in a description of the ability to interpret distances, demonstrate that one may only interpret relative distances within row points or within column points, but may not interpret the distances between row and column points.


Input Parameters

The input sequence for program CORAN is detailed, including labels for identifying rows and columns of data as they are reported in the program output.

CORAN requires that a large number of files be open at the same time. In order to run CORAN, your CONFIG.SYS file must state FILES=12. If this is not the case, see the setup procedures described at the start of the PC-MDS manual, and your DOS manual.



LINE 1:	5 PARAMETERS:  ENTER IN (5I4) FORMAT

1.  IEXA    Number of Rows in the data file

2.  NQEXA   Number of columns in the data file. 
            (The row identifier is not counted as one of the columns).

3.  NVIDI   Length of row identifier: this must be the number of 4 character columns 
            (read as NVIDI*4) The maximum NVIDI is 15, corresponding to 60 characters 
            (the first 4,8,12 appear on the graph).  
            An identifier is required and must be at the beginning of each row.

4.  LFMT    Number of format cards (Must be 1)

5.  MODIG   Mode of defining row selection.  
            There are two formats for selecting and defining rows for analysis.
            If MODIG = 0: all the rows are active.
            If MODIG = 1: there are one or more selection lines.
            (Some rows are either supplementary or ignored).

LINE 2:	COLUMN IDENTIFIERS:

	4 character identifiers are read in fixed format (40A4) for the NQEXA original columns 
	(that is, before columns are selected and shifted around).

LINE(S) 3:	COLUMN SELECTION:

	Codes are read in format (80I1) for the NQEXA columns of the data matrix, such that:

	0 = column eliminated from analysis
	1 = active column
	2 = illustrative column (Supplementary)

 LINE(S) 4:	ROW SELECTION:

    When MODIG = 0: there are no row selection cards.  All rows are active.
    When MODIG = 1: codes are read in (80I1) for all IEXA rows such that:

    0 = row eliminated from analysis
    1 = active row
    2 = illustrative row

 LINE(S) 5:	FORMAT FOR READING DATA:

    The format is written in parentheses on LFMT cards.  the format begins with (NVIDI * A4).
    The remainder is read in real (F) format (even if integer values).

 LINE(S) 6:	THE DATA

    The data is read according to the previous format.  
    There are IEXA rows, each row is (NVIDI + NQEXA) long.

 LINE 7:	SEVEN PARAMETERS, IN FORMAT (7I4)

    1.  NFAC    Number of principal coordinates to compute

    2.  LIST3   Parameter for printing row information:
                0 = no printing
                1 = coordinates and contributions of rows are printed 
                (column information is always printed)

    3.  NGRAF   Number of graphs (NGRAF < = 10).  
                In this version, the principal planes are successively: (1,2);(2,3);(3,4); etc.  
                All points - rows, columns, active and supplementary- are shown.

    4.  NPAGE   Number of pages for the width of each graph (NPAGE < = 8)

    5.  NLIGN   Number of lines per graph.  Recommended: NLIGN = 60 x NPAGE - 2

    6.  JBASE   Dimension of the space for approximation in the case of direct reading:
                If JBASE=0; diagonalization takes place in main memory (usual choice)
                If JBASE = 1: the default value is JBASE = NFAC + 3.  
                Otherwise: JBASE = dimension of space for approximation.

    7.  NITER   (Only if JBASE is not equal to 0): number of iterations in direct reading.  
                If NITER = 0: the default is NITER = 8.

The size limitation is large. The main program contains a vector Q of length 2000, which controls the allocation of memory for the entire program. The sample data set of dimension 26 x 22 requires approximately 649/2000 of the available space.



A NOTE ABOUT 132 COLUMN OUTPUT

CORAN output is set to 132 columns. Compressed print (LINEPRINTER OR OTHER SMALL FONT) format is required for a full view of graphs and data tables.


CORAN SAMPLE DATA FILE
  26  22   6   1   1 
VARIFREEHUMASCHESALASECUCOMPINTENEARATMOSOCIAUTOLIKEOTHENONEOUTD-NOANNODEGRADSMALMEDILARG 
1111111111111011022222 
11111111111111211111111012 
(6(A),F1.0,22F4.0) 
FARM*FARMING/FISHING    4 189   0   3   2   2   9   3  12   2   1   4  11  15  12   8   1  93  18 187   2   0   1 
FAR2*FARM/FOOD INDUSTRY 1  13   3  10  17  12   4   1   8   3   5   1   9   5  11   0   0  32  15  12  40  11   2 
ENER*ENERGY/MINES       1   9   1   0   4  13   0   2   2   0   2   1   4   3   6   1   0   9   8   6  17   6   3 
STEE*STEEL              5   5   2   9  18   5   3   2   6   5   5   0   2   3  22   0   0  29   4   4  30  27   4 
CHEM*CHEMICAL/GLASS/OIL 2   7   1   4  15   5   2   1   6   1   2   2   3   0   5   0   1  13  13   3  14  25   5 
WOOD*WOOD/PAPER         2   5   0   4   1   0   3   0   2   1   1   1   1   0   3   0   2  10   5   6  11   0   6 
AUT *AUTO/AVIATION/SHIP 2   3   1   8  16  17   1   8   7   2   4   3   6   1  24   0   1  25   4   7  19  61   7 
TEXT*TEXTILE/LEATHER    3  18   0   6  16   5   4   4  13   4   2   3   6   2  26   0   2  28   4  24  38   6   8 
PHAR*PHARMACY INDUSTRY  3   7   3   6   6   0   0   2   6   3   3   0   2   1   8   0   0  11  11   6  16   9   9 
MANU*MANUFACTURING      0  18   1  12  31   7   0   8  19  11   3   2  10   4  26   0   6  51  26  32  40  30  10  
CONS*CONSTRUCTION       7  63   2   9  31   9   4   6   9  10   3   4  14   8  35   2   2  69  28  74  49   8  11 
FOOD*FOOD/GROCERY       2  43  16   7   6   4   7   1   8   2   0   1   6   1   7   0   3  26   9  81  13   1  12 
SBUS*SMALL BUSINESS     8  95  23  15  15   2  13   7   9   5   2   3  13   4  18   1   3  34  62 163  21   3  13 
MBUS*MISCEL. BUSINESS   5  32   9   9  17   4   5   4   7   4   3   0   8   3  18   0   3  33  29  67  29   3  14 
ADMI*ADMINISTRATIVE SER.8  26  10  24  24  80  10  17  11   3   8   2   6   9  16   3   4  35  79  53  79  37  15 
TELE*TELECOMMUNICATION  1   7   2  11   3  14   2   6   3   1   1   2   1   3   5   0   2   4  18  10  20  10  16 
SO.S*SOCIAL SERVICES    4  10  10   8   2   1   6   4   2   3   1   0   3   2   1   0   1   6  25  11  10   1  17 
HE.S*HEALTH SERVICES    3  31  16  15  11  19   5  19  1    2   3   7  24   1   5   0   5  17  78  32  48  29  18 
TEAC*TEACHING/RESEARCH  2  33  27  31   9  18  27  24   3   4  43   8  18   3  11   1   3  12 188  62  83  14  19 
TRAN*TRANSPORTATION     2  19   2  12  12  21   0   1   4   5   5   1   3   3  13   0   1  23  10  20  35  14  20 
BANK*INSURANCE/BANKING  8  12   4   8  13  21   2  10   4   2   5   6   3   1  1    0   3   7  44  25  24  10  21 
DOME*DOMESTIC WORKERS   0   8   0   4   5   2   7   1   5   7   2   1   2   2  11   1   1  23   1  34   3   2  22 
O.SE*OTHER SERVICES     8  35  14  13  16  10   6  25   6   4  10   9  11   4  14   0   1  33  82  79  35  11  23 
PRIN*PRINTING/PUBLISHING2  13   2  14   5   8   0  10   0   8   3   2   5   4  11   0   2  17  19  27  24  11  24 
PRIV*PRIVATE SERVICES   3  26   9   3  12   5   8   8   4   4   2   3  10   3   8   0   2  21  16  77   9   1  25 
NO A*NO ANSWER          0  14  15   3   4   4   3   4   1   1   2   1   5   1   3   0   3   7  15  19  11   5  26 
   6   1   2   1  58   0   0 

SAMPLE CORAN OUTPUT
	CORRESPONDENCE ANALYSIS
	PROGRAM WRITTEN BY  LUDOVIC LEBART, ALAIN MORINEAU & KENNETH M. WARWICK
	REFERENCE: MULTIVARIATE DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
	CORRESPONDENCE ANALYSIS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES FOR LARGE MATRICES
	COPYRIGHT (c) 1984 BY JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., NEW YORK
  
  
  
 ANALYSIS TITLE: CORRESPONDENCE TEST DATA                                                         
 DATA IS READ FROM FILE: CORAN.DAT                 
 OUTPUT FILE IS: CORAN.PRN                 
  
  
 
******************************************************************************** 
                                STEP   ** SELEC **  
******************************************************************************** 
  
  
     TITLE:CORRESPONDENCE TEST DATA                                                         
  
  
  
     IEXA =  26     NQEXA=  22     NVIDI=   6     LFMT =   1     MODIG=   1 
  
  
NAMES OF COLUMNS 
  
VARI FREE HUMA SCHE SALA SECU COMP INTE NEAR ATMO SOCI AUTO LIKE OTHE NONE OUTD NOAN NODE GRAD SMAL MEDI LARG
  
SUMMARY OF SELECTION  
  
     TYPE   1     NUMBER OF VARIABLES     15 
     TYPE   2     NUMBER OF VARIABLES      5 
  
INDICATOR VECTOR OF     22 ELEMENTS IN GROUPS OF 10 
  
 1111111111  1110110222  22 
  
SUMMARY OF SELECTION  
  
     TYPE   1     NUMBER OF VARIABLES     23 
     TYPE   2     NUMBER OF VARIABLES      2 
  
INDICATOR VECTOR OF     26 ELEMENTS IN GROUPS OF 10 
  
 1111111111  1111211111  111012 
  
  
FORMAT:  (6(A),F1.0,22F4.0)                                                               
 
******************************************************************************** 
                            END OF READING AND SELECTION 
******************************************************************************** 
  
  
PARAMETER CARD FOR CORAN 
------------------------ 
  
          NFAC =   6     LIST3=   1     NGRAF=   2     NPAGE=   1     NLIGN=  58     JBASE=   0     NITER=   0 
  
  
RE-READING PARAMETERS ON THE FILES 
  
          ICARD=  23     ITOT =  25     NACT =  15     NVAR =  20     NVIDI=   6 
  
  
MEMORY USAGE: YOU HAVE   2000 RESERVED          YOU NEED    649 
  
  
  
          EIGENVALUES 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
  
SUM OF THE EIGENVALUES                         .52593865 
  
  
HISTOGRAM OF THE FIRST EIGENVALUES 
  
     EIGENVALUE      PERCENTAGE   PERCENTAGE 
                                     CUM    
  
   1      .21108392     40.13         40.13      *********************************************************************** 
   2      .12640768     24.03         64.17      ****************************************** 
   3      .06108164     11.61         75.78      ********************* 
   4      .03939726      7.49         83.27      ************** 
   5      .02358587      4.48         87.76      ******** 
   6      .01786572      3.40         91.16      ****** 
   7      .01308994      2.49         93.64      ***** 
   8      .00997759      1.90         95.54      **** 
   9      .00763357      1.45         96.99      *** 
  10      .00636152      1.21         98.20      *** 
  11      .00393721       .75         98.95      ** 
  12      .00341866       .65         99.60      ** 
  13      .00167371       .32         99.92      * 
  14      .00042435       .08        100.00      * 
  
COORDINATES AND CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE COLUMNS 
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
NAMES        MASSES DIST.  *            COORDINATES              *    ABSOLUTE CONTRIBUTIONS     *   SQUARED CORRELEATIONS      * 
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
                           *   F1    F2    F3    F4    F5    F6  *   F1   F2   F3   F4   F5   F6 *   F1   F2   F3   F4   F5  F6*
********************************************************************************************************************************** 
VARI          .028    .48  *  -.08   .02   .07  -.25  -.09  -.58 *   .1   .0   .2  4.5   .9 51.9 *  .01  .00  .01  .13  .02  .69* 
FREE          .250    .53  *   .72   .03  -.08   .02  -.01  -.01 * 61.8   .1  2.4   .3   .1   .1 *  .98  .00  .01  .00  .00  .00* 
HUMA          .053    .80  *  -.02  -.70   .28  -.39  -.20   .04 *   .0 20.5  6.7 20.1  8.8   .4 *  .00  .61  .10  .19  .05  .00* 
SCHE          .075    .26  *  -.33  -.18   .08   .03  -.20  -.01 *  3.8  2.0   .8   .2 13.1   .1 *  .41  .13  .02  .00  .16  .00* 
SALA          .101    .38  *  -.36   .43   .11  -.07   .06   .03 *  6.1 14.5  1.9  1.3  1.5   .6 *  .34  .48  .03  .01  .01  .00* 
SECU          .071    .86  *  -.55   .00  -.71   .02  -.23   .05 * 10.2   .0 58.1   .1 15.4  1.0 *  .35  .00  .58  .00  .06  .00* 
COMP          .043    .59  *   .06  -.51   .38   .20  -.12   .03 *   .1  8.8  9.9  4.6  2.5   .2 *  .01  .44  .24  .07  .02  .00* 
INTE          .053    .56  *  -.34  -.43  -.15  -.19   .38  -.11 *  3.0  7.9  1.9  5.1 33.0  3.4 *  .21  .33  .04  .07  .26  .02* 
NEAR          .056    .30  *  -.11   .39   .15  -.09   .02   .18 *   .3  6.7  2.0  1.1   .1  9.7 *  .04  .50  .07  .02  .00  .10* 
ATMO          .031    .54  *  -.23   .36   .39   .09  -.07   .03 *   .7  3.2  7.6   .6   .6   .2 *  .09  .24  .28  .01  .01  .00* 
SOCI          .039   1.28  *  -.52  -.68   .11   .67   .13   .00 *  5.0 14.5   .7 45.3  2.8   .0 *  .21  .36  .01  .35  .01  .00* 
AUTO          .023    .45  *  -.20  -.25  -.29  -.08   .37  -.13 *   .4  1.1  3.2   .4 12.8  2.2 *  .09  .14  .19  .02  .30  .04* 
LIKE          .062    .19  *  -.05  -.12  -.01  -.18   .17   .27 *   .1   .7   .0  5.1  7.3 25.2 *  .01  .08  .00  .17  .15  .38* 
NONE          .109    .36  *  -.25   .48   .12   .11   .01  -.09 *  3.3 19.5  2.6  3.1   .1  4.8 *  .18  .62  .04  .03  .00  .02* 
OUTD          .005   3.37  *  1.43   .21  -.49   .80   .22   .05 *  4.9   .2  2.0  8.2  1.0   .1 *  .61  .01  .07  .19  .01  .00* 
  
  
SUPPLEMENTARY ELEMENTS 
  
NODE          .222    .23  *   .17   .38   .09   .10   .02   .05 *   .0   .0   .0   .0   .0   .0 *  .12  .63  .03  .04  .00  .01* 
GRAD          .254    .65  *  -.24  -.69   .02   .04   .17  -.02 *   .0   .0   .0   .0   .0   .0 *  .09  .74  .00  .00  .05  .00* 
SMAL          .372    .41  *   .52  -.07   .11  -.09  -.01  -.03 *   .0   .0   .0   .0   .0   .0 *  .67  .01  .03  .02  .00  .00* 
MEDI          .220    .27  *  -.41   .00  -.02   .08  -.06   .07 *   .0   .0   .0   .0   .0   .0 *  .61  .00  .00  .02  .01  .02* 
LARG          .103   1.68  *  -.75   .43  -.26  -.02   .08   .11 *   .0   .0   .0   .0   .0   .0 *  .33  .11  .04  .00  .00  .01* 
 
COORDINATES AND CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE ROWS    
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
NAMES        MASSES DIST.  *            COORDINATES              *    ABSOLUTE CONTRIBUTIONS     *   SQUARED CORRELEATIONS   * 
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
                           *   F1    F2    F3    F4    F5    F6  *   F1   F2   F3   F4   F5   F6 *   F1   F2   F3   F4   F5 F6* 
********************************************************************************************************************************** 
FARM*FARMING  .095   1.40  *  1.14   .10  -.21   .18   .06   .00 * 59.0   .7  6.6  8.0  1.6   .0 *  .93  .01  .03  .02  .00  .00* 
FAR2*FARM/FO  .036    .25  *  -.32   .17  -.03   .06  -.13   .25 *  1.7   .8   .1   .4  2.7 12.2 *  .41  .11  .00  .02  .07  .24* 
ENER*ENERGY/  .017    .88  *  -.22   .13  -.79   .10  -.10   .12 *   .4   .2 17.1   .5   .6  1.4 *  .05  .02  .71  .01  .01  .02* 
STEE*STEEL    .032    .59  *  -.48   .42   .29   .15  -.09  -.21 *  3.5  4.6  4.5  1.9  1.2  8.0 *  .39  .31  .15  .04  .02  .07* 
CHEM*CHEMICA  .020    .46  *  -.33   .33   .02  -.06   .03   .08 *  1.1  1.8   .0   .2   .1   .8 *  .24  .24  .00  .01  .00  .02* 
WOOD*WOOD/PA  .009    .65  *   .00  -.02   .36   .19  -.18  -.28 *   .0   .0  1.9   .8  1.1  3.8 *  .00  .00  .20  .06  .05  .12* 
AUT *AUTO/AV  .037    .59  *  -.61   .32  -.24   .04   .06  -.03 *  6.6  2.9  3.5   .1   .6   .1 *  .64  .17  .10  .00  .01  .00* 
TEXT*TEXTILE  .040    .36  *  -.19   .47   .16   .04   .11  -.02 *   .7  7.1  1.6   .2  2.2   .1 *  .10  .62  .07  .00  .04  .00* 
PHAR*PHARMAC  .018    .42  *  -.22   .21   .38  -.01  -.04  -.12 *   .4   .6  4.3   .0   .1  1.5 *  .12  .11  .35  .00  .00  .04* 
MANU*MANUFAC  .054    .51  *  -.33   .52   .19  -.04   .14   .20 *  2.7 11.4  3.1   .2  4.6 12.4 *  .21  .52  .07  .00  .04  .08* 
CONS*CONSTRU  .076    .19  *   .12   .36   .04   .03   .09  -.06 *   .5  7.8   .2   .2  2.5  1.5 *  .08  .70  .01  .01  .04  .02* 
FOOD*FOOD/GR  .040    .41  *   .40  -.17   .17  -.25  -.28   .12 *  3.1   .9  1.9  6.6 12.9  3.2 *  .39  .07  .07  .16  .18  .03* 
SBUS*SMALL B  .083    .28  *   .45  -.11   .16  -.15  -.11  -.04 *  7.8   .8  3.5  4.9  4.0   .9 *  .71  .05  .09  .08  .04  .01* 
MBUS*MISCEL.  .045    .10  *   .04   .13   .21  -.10  -.08  -.04 *   .0   .6  3.2  1.1  1.1   .3 *  .01  .16  .42  .09  .06  .01* 
TELE*TELECOM  .021    .77  *  -.45  -.14  -.54  -.04  -.29  -.05 *  2.1   .3 10.1   .1  7.6   .3 *  .26  .03  .37  .00  .11  .00* 
SO.S*SOCIAL   .020    .80  *   .00  -.55   .42  -.34  -.34  -.15 *   .0  4.8  5.8  5.9  9.7  2.6 *  .00  .38  .22  .14  .14  .03* 
HE.S*HEALTH   .062    .36  *  -.14  -.31  -.21  -.35   .13   .21 *   .6  4.8  4.5 19.4  4.3 14.7 *  .05  .27  .12  .34  .04  .12* 
TEAC*TEACHIN  .094    .81  *  -.29  -.76   .11   .36   .05   .06 *  3.7 42.5  2.0 31.2  1.0  1.7 *  .10  .71  .02  .16  .00  .00* 
TRAN*TRANSPO  .036    .47  *  -.31   .20  -.37   .16  -.35   .02 *  1.7  1.2  8.3  2.3 19.1   .1 *  .21  .09  .30  .05  .26  .00* 
BANK*INSURAN  .039    .51  *  -.43  -.05  -.43  -.09  -.01  -.30 *  3.5   .1 11.9   .8   .0 20.2 *  .37  .00  .37  .01  .00  .18* 
DOME*DOMESTI  .020    .75  *  -.12   .29   .40   .39  -.06   .10 *   .1  1.3  5.3  7.7   .3  1.3 *  .02  .11  .21  .20  .01  .01* 
O.SE*OTHER S  .066    .24  *  -.14  -.28  -.03  -.15   .27  -.18 *   .7  4.2   .1  3.9 20.6 12.2 *  .09  .33  .01  .10  .31  .14* 
PRIV*PRIVATE  .038    .15  *   .05  -.14   .11  -.20   .11   .05 *   .0   .6   .8  3.7  1.9   .6 *  .02  .13  .08  .26  .08  .02* 
  
SUPPLEMENTARY ELEMENTS 
ADMI*ADMINIS  .090   1.06  *  -.48  -.06  -.75   .03  -.41   .01 *   .0   .0   .0   .0   .0   .0 *  .21  .00  .53  .00  .16  .00* 
NO A*NO ANSW  .022    .86  *   .05  -.58   .15  -.43  -.19   .19 *   .0   .0   .0   .0   .0   .0 *  .00  .38  .03  .21  .04  .04* 
 
                         GRAPH OF                  45  POINTS ON THE AXES   1 AND   2 
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

                                AXIS 1  /HORIZONTAL           AXIS 2  /VERTICAL/ 

                ATTENTION 

  
  THE POINTS BELOW WERE MORE THAN    2.5 
  STD. DEVIATIONS FROM THE CENTER. THEY HAVE     
  BEEN BROUGHT BACK TO THE PERIPHERY OF GRAPH    


 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 
 *FARM*FARMING *      1.14356        *       .09690        * 
 *OUTD         *      1.43197        *       .21027        * 
 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 
 
 

    .518  I   ----------------------------MANU*MANUFAC------------ .  -----------------------------------------------------------I 
    .496  I                                   NONE                 .                                                             I 
    .474  I                                       TEXT*TEXTILE     .                                                             I 
    .451  I                                                        .                                                             I 
    .429  LARG            STEE*STEEL  SALA                         .                                                             I 
    .407  I                                               NEAR                    NODE                                           I 
    .384  I                                       ATMO             .                                                             I 
    .362  I                                                        .          CONS*CONSTRU                                       I 
    .339  I                           CHEM*CHEMICA                 .                                                             I 
    .317  I       AUT *AUTO/AV                                     .                                                             I 
    .295  I                                               DOME*DOMESTI                                                           I 
    .272  I                                                        .                                                             I 
    .250  I                                                        .                                                             I 
    .228  I                                       PHAR*PHARMAC     .                                                             I 
    .205  I                               TRAN*TRANSPO             .                                                             I 
    .183  I                               FAR2*FARM/FO             .                                                             I 
    .161  I                                                        .                                                             I 
    .138  I                                       ENER*ENERGY/     .  MBUS*MISCEL.                                               I 
    .116  I                                                        .                                                          OUTD 
    .094  I                                                        .                                                             I 
    .071  I                                                        .                                                          FARM 
    .049  I                                                        .                                                             I 
    .027  I                                                   VARI                                                            FREE 
    .004  I    .   .  SECU        MEDI         .   .   .   .   .   +           .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .     I 
   -.018  I                                                       WOOD*WOOD/PA                                                   I 
   -.040  I                   BANK*INSURAN                         .                                                             I 
   -.063  I               ADMI*ADMINIS                             .                                          SMAL               I 
   -.085  I                                                        .                                                             I 
   -.107  I                                                   LIKE                                    SBUS*SMALL B               I 
   -.130  I                   TELE*TELECOM                         .  PRIV*PRIVATE                                               I 
   -.152  I                                                        .                              FOOD*FOOD/GR                   I 
   -.174  I                               SCHE                     .                                                             I 
   -.197  I                                                        .                                                             I 
   -.219  I                                                        .                                                             I 
   -.241  I                                       AUTO             .                                                             I 
   -.264  I                                           O.SE*OTHER S .                                                             I 
   -.286  I                                                        .                                                             I 
   -.308  I                                           HE.S*HEALTH  .                                                             I 
   -.331  I                                                        .                                                             I 
   -.353  I                                                        .                                                             I 
   -.375  I                                                        .                                                             I 
   -.398  I                                                        .                                                             I 
   -.420  I                           INTE                         .                                                             I 
   -.442  I                                                        .                                                             I 
   -.465  I                                                        .                                                             I 
   -.487  I                                                        .  COMP                                                       I 
   -.509  I                                                        .                                                             I 
   -.532  I                                                       SO.S*SOCIAL                                                    I 
   -.554  I                                                        .  NO A*NO ANSW                                               I 
   -.576  I                                                        .                                                             I 
   -.599  I                                                        .                                                             I 
   -.621  I                                                        .                                                             I 
   -.643  I                                                        .                                                             I 
   -.666  I               SOCI                                     .                                                             I 
   -.688  I                                   GRAD                HUMA                                                           I 
   -.710  I                                                        .                                                             I 
   -.733  I                                                        .                                                             I 
   -.755  I   ----------------------------TEAC*TEACHIN------------ .  --------------------------------------------------------   I 
       -.745                   -.452                   -.158                    .135                    .429                    .722
 
                         GRAPH OF                  45  POINTS ON THE AXES   2 AND   3 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
                              AXIS 2  /HORIZONTAL           AXIS 3  /VERTICAL/ 
  
                ATTENTION 
  
  THE POINTS BELOW WERE MORE THAN    2.5 
  STD. DEVIATIONS FROM THE CENTER. THEY HAVE     
  BEEN BROUGHT BACK TO THE PERIPHERY OF GRAPH    
  
  
 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 
 *ENER*ENERGY/ *       .13139        *      -.78926        * 
 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 

 
    .422  I   ------------SO.S*SOCIAL ---------------------------------------- .  -----------------------------------------------I 
    .401  I                                                                    .                  PHAR*PHADOMEATMO               I 
    .381  I                   COMP                                        WOOD*WOOD/PA                                           I 
    .360  I                                                                    .                                                 I 
    .340  I                                                                    .                                                 I 
    .319  I                                                                    .                                                 I 
    .298  HUMA                                                                 .                                      STEE*STEEL I 
    .278  I                                                                    .                                                 I 
    .257  I                                                                    .                                                 I 
    .237  I                                                                    .                                                 I 
    .216  I                                                                    .          MBUS*MISCEL.                           I 
    .196  I                                                                    .                                              MANU 
    .175  I                                                   FOODSBUS*SMALL B .                                          TEXT*TEX 
    .154  I           NO A*NO ANSW                                             .                                  NEAR           I 
    .134  TEAC*TEACHIN                                                         .                                          NONE   I 
    .113  I   SOCI                                                PRIVSMAL                                            SALA       I 
    .093  I                                               SCHE                 .                                  NODE           I 
    .072  I                                                                   VARI                                               I 
    .052  I                                                                    .                              CONS*CONSTRU       I 
    .031  GRAD                                                                 .                              CHEM*CHEMICA       I 
    .011  I    .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   +           .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .     I 
   -.010  I                                                       LIKE        MEDI                                               I 
   -.031  I                                       O.SE*OTHER S                 .              FAR2*FARM/FO                       I 
   -.051  I                                                                    .                                                 I 
   -.072  I                                                                   FREE                                               I 
   -.092  I                                                                    .                                                 I 
   -.113  I                                                                    .                                                 I 
   -.133  I                           INTE                                     .                                                 I 
   -.154  I                                                                    .                                                 I 
   -.175  I                                                                    .                                                 I 
   -.195  I                                   HE.S*HEALTH                      .      FARM*FARMING                               I 
   -.216  I                                                                    .                                                 I 
   -.236  I                                                                    .                          AUT *AUTO/AV           I 
   -.257  I                                                                    .                                      LARG         
   -.277  I                                           AUTO                     .                                                 I 
   -.298  I                                                                    .                                                 I 
   -.318  I                                                                    .                                                 I 
   -.339  I                                                                    .                                                 I 
   -.360  I                                                                    .                  TRAN*TRANSPO                   I 
   -.380  I                                                                    .                                                 I 
   -.401  I                                                                    .                                                 I 
   -.421  I                                                               BANK*INSURAN                                           I 
   -.442  I                                                                    .                                                 I 
   -.462  I                                                                    .                                                 I 
   -.483  I                                                                    .                  OUTD                           I 
   -.504  I                                                                    .                                                 I 
   -.524  I                                                       TELE*TELECOM .                                                 I 
   -.545  I                                                                    .                                                 I 
   -.565  I                                                                    .                                                 I 
   -.586  I                                                                    .                                                 I 
   -.606  I                                                                    .                                                 I 
   -.627  I                                                                    .                                                 I 
   -.647  I                                                                    .                                                 I 
   -.668  I                                                                    .                                                 I 
   -.689  I                                                                   SECU                                               I 
   -.709  I                                                                    .                                                 I 
   -.730  I                                                                    .                                                 I 
   -.750  I   --------------------------------------------------------ADMI*ADMINIS--------ENER*ENERGY/------------------------   I 
       -.755                   -.500                   -.246                    .009                    .264                    .518

 ******************************************************************************** 
                            END OF STEP        ** CORAN ** 
******************************************************************************** 
                        CORRESPONDENCE ANALYSIS NOW COMPLETE